Biology

  1. Biology

Real-time imaging reveals a role for macrophage protrusive motility in melanoma invasion

Macrophages are primary cells of the innate immune system that mediate tumor progression. However, the motile behavior of macrophages and interactions with tumor cells are not well understood. Here, we exploit the optical transparency of larval zebrafish and perform real-time imaging of macrophage–melanoma interactions. We found that macrophages are highly motile in the tumor microenvironment. […]
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  1. Biology

Securin regulates the spatiotemporal dynamics of separase

Separase regulates multiple aspects of the metaphase-to-anaphase transition. Separase cleaves cohesin to allow chromosome segregation and localizes to vesicles to promote exocytosis. The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) activates separase by ubiquitinating its inhibitory chaperone, securin, triggering its degradation. How this pathway controls the exocytic function of separase is unknown. During meiosis I, securin is degraded over […]
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  1. Biology

Visualizing ER-phagy and ER architecture in vivo

ER-phagy is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. However, significant gaps persist in our understanding of how ER-phagy and the ER network vary across cell subtypes, tissues, and organs. Furthermore, the pathophysiological relevance of ER-phagy remains poorly elucidated. Addressing these questions requires developing quantifiable methods to visualize ER-phagy and ER architecture in […]
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  1. Biology

Preserve or destroy: Orphan protein proteostasis and the heat shock response

Most eukaryotic genes encode polypeptides that are either obligate members of hetero-stoichiometric complexes or clients of organelle-targeting pathways. Proteins in these classes can be released from the ribosome as “orphans”—newly synthesized proteins not associated with their stoichiometric binding partner(s) and/or not targeted to their destination organelle. Here we integrate recent findings suggesting that although cells […]
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  1. Biology

Non-cell autonomous regulation of cell–cell signaling and differentiation by mitochondrial ROS

Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) function intrinsically within cells to induce cell damage, regulate transcription, and cause genome instability. However, we know little about how mitochondrial ROS production non-cell autonomously impacts cell–cell signaling. Here, we show that mitochondrial dysfunction inhibits the plasma membrane localization of cell surface receptors that drive cell–cell communication during oogenesis. Within […]
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  1. Biology

Stairway to the Golgi: Two paths VPS13B can go by

VPS13 proteins mediate lipid transfer across membranes. Among them, VPS13B is associated with Golgi membranes, and VPS13B mutations cause Cohen syndrome. In this issue, Ugur et al. (https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202311189) and Du et al. (https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202402083) reveal new VPS13B interactors and their functions in Golgi organization and trafficking.
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  1. Biology

PI(3,5)P 2 asymmetry during mitosis is essential for asymmetric vacuolar inheritance

Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2) is a low-abundance signaling lipid that plays crucial roles in various cellular processes, including endolysosomal system structure/function, stress response, and cell cycle regulation. PI(3,5)P2 synthesis increases in response to environmental stimuli, yet its behavior in cycling cells under basal conditions remains elusive. Here, we analyzed spatiotemporal changes in PI(3,5)P2 levels during the […]
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  1. Biology

BEACH domain proteins function as cargo-sorting adaptors in secretory and endocytic pathways

We identify BEACH domain–containing proteins (BDCPs) as novel membrane coat proteins involved in the sorting of transmembrane proteins (TMPs) on the trans-Golgi network and tubular sorting endosomes. The seven typical mammalian BDCPs share a predicted alpha-solenoid-beta propeller structure, suggesting they have a protocoatomer origin and function. We map the subcellular localization of seven BDCPs based […]
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  1. Biology

eIF5A controls mitoprotein import by relieving ribosome stalling at TIM50 translocase mRNA

Efficient import of nuclear-encoded proteins into mitochondria is crucial for proper mitochondrial function. The conserved translation factor eIF5A binds ribosomes, alleviating stalling at polyproline-encoding sequences. eIF5A impacts mitochondrial function across species, though the precise molecular mechanism is unclear. We found that eIF5A depletion in yeast reduces the translation and levels of the TCA cycle and […]
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  1. Biology

Activation of lysosomal Ca 2+ channels mitigates mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress

Elevated levels of plasma-free fatty acids and oxidative stress have been identified as putative primary pathogenic factors in endothelial dysfunction etiology, though their roles are unclear. In human endothelial cells, we found that saturated fatty acids (SFAs)—including the plasma-predominant palmitic acid (PA)—cause mitochondrial fragmentation and elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. TRPML1 is […]
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Robotic Probe Rapidly Assesses Essential Properties of Novel Materials

In the quest to conquer the limitations of semiconductor materials and their application in solar technologies, a pioneering research team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has developed an innovative autonomous robotic system. This advancement comes at a crucial time when the demand for efficient energy sources continues to rise. Researchers face significant bottlenecks […]
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Robotic Probe Rapidly Assesses Essential Properties of Novel Materials

In the quest to conquer the limitations of semiconductor materials and their application in solar technologies, a pioneering research team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has developed an innovative autonomous robotic system. This advancement comes at a crucial time when the demand for efficient energy sources continues to rise. Researchers face significant bottlenecks […]
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600-million-year-old body blueprint found in sea anemones

600-million-year-old body blueprint found in sea anemones

A new study from the University of Vienna reveals that sea anemones use a molecular mechanism known from bilaterian animals to form their back-to-belly body axis. This mechanism (“BMP shuttling”) enables cells to organize themselves during development by interpreting signaling gradients. The findings, published in Science Advances, suggest that this system evolved much earlier than […]
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